The Moldova River is a river in Romania, in the historical region of Moldavia. The river rises from the Obcina Feredeu Mountains of Bukovina in Suceava County and joins the Siret River near the city of Roman in Neamţ County.

The river gave its name to the Principality of Moldavia, whose first capital, Târgul Moldovei (now Baia), is on the Moldova River. The origin of the name of the river is disputed.

The following towns and villages are situated along the river Moldova, from source to mouth: Câmpulung Moldovenesc, Gura Humorului, Baia, Roman.

The following rivers are the major tributaries to the river Moldova: Moldoviţa and Neamţ.